This and that: the demonstratives: How and When to Use in English

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This and that: the demonstratives 

There are two main demonstratives: 

  • We use this (singular)  and these (plural)  for pointing out things that are close to use. 

This book is interesting. 

These books are interesting.

This  is my friend.

These  are my friends.

  • We use that (singular) and those (plural)   for pointing out things that are further away. 

That coat is expensive.

Those coats are expensive.

That is my cousin.

Those are my cousins.

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